粗糙失去文風中大陸中國中文語言

观点

中国语言风格的堕落

ANDY WONG/ASSOCIATED PRESS

慕容雪村

2015年5月28日

不久前，我走过三亚的一条街道，听到有家店铺在播放著名的《社会主义好》的摇滚版。虽然我对这首歌深感厌恶，但音乐响起时，我还是会下意识地跟着哼唱：“反动派，被打倒，帝国主义夹着尾巴逃跑了……共产党好，共产党好，共产党是人民的好领导……”

几十年来，这些共产党赞美自己的歌曲从来没有从中国人的耳边消失，即使在“共产主义”已经成为干瘪招牌的今天，它们依然常常出现在中国的电视上、广播中，甚至是私人商店用以招徕顾客的大喇叭里。对包括我在内的许多人来说，这些歌曲就是我们的青春记忆，很难估量它们对中国人的语言和心灵造成了多么大的影响。

在共产党统治中国的六十多年中，因为仇恨教育、愚民宣传，再加上对古典文明的全面破坏，一种新的语言风格渐渐形成。其最重要的特点就是粗鄙和残忍，而这并非中文的固有传统，更多应归功于共产党和它所倡导的意识形态。

 

无论官方文告、文学学术著作，还是私人言谈，都可以看到这种“有中国特色的语言”。

时至今日，中国的高层人物会在那些极为严肃的场合，或正式的演讲中使用一些极为俚俗的语言，比如“打铁还需自身硬”。官方公告和晚间新闻中常常大讲特讲“和谐社会”和“中国精神”。就在不久前，国家主席习近平还说过“绝不许吃共产党的饭、砸共产党的锅”。

六十多年来，中国的宣传和教育从来没有摆脱残忍和嗜血，在教材中，我们学习数不清的残酷的英雄事迹：用胸膛堵枪眼，把炸药包托在手上引爆，趴在熊熊烈火中一动不动，直至被烧死……几乎每一个孩子都要戴红领巾，那是“用烈士的鲜血染成的”；大多数人都唱过《少先队队歌》：“时刻准备，建立功勋，要把敌人消灭干净”。

几十年来，强大的国家宣传机器地不厌其烦地反复播放这些内容，直接影响了中国人的日常语言和头脑。在最近几年中，我不止一次听到我的朋友们，包括那些批评政府的异议人士，也在使用这种被宣传污染的语言，而且不是在反讽。

 两年前，在山西中部的一座小城，我听到两位老农站在路边辩论，主题大约是“米饭和馒头哪个更好吃”，在辩论的高潮时段，其中一位大声指责对方：“你这是形而上学！”（另一位以同样的方式回应：你才是形而上学！）

 对形而上学，毛泽东持有一种很奇怪的怀疑（以至于我怀疑他根本不懂这个词的意思），宣传机器用了几十年的时间来推广和鼓吹此种论调，久而久之，“形而上学”就成了一种可疑的学说、一个可鄙的词汇。可以想见，那两位农民对形而上学并没有多少了解，他们只是从党的宣传词典中学来这个词，并用它表达自己的不屑之情。其他的一些词汇，比如“唯心主义”和“小资产阶级情调”，也成了万能的批评用词。那些最常使用这些词的人，其实大多都不真正了解其真正的意思。

在中国人的日常语汇中，革命字眼随处可见。我们把工业、农业在内的一切行业都称之为“战线”（几乎所有工作的场所都可以称为“阵地”）。带病坚持工作通常被称为“轻伤不下火线”。一些大企业会把它的销售队伍称为“集团军”、“师”、“团”，把销售区域称为“战区”。

汉学家林培瑞(Perry Link)和一些学者把这种语言称为“毛氏语言”。在2012年发表在ChinaFile上的一篇文章中，林培瑞说这种话语比“大多数语言更赋军事隐喻和政治偏见”。他举了一些关于毛氏语言泛滥成灾的例子：“大陆人即使到今天，还是会在饭局快结束时让他们的朋友“消灭”剩余的饭菜；上次我在北京时，一个小男孩在公交车上对他的妈妈说：‘妈，我要尿尿’，他的妈妈回答说：‘坚持！司机叔叔不能在这里停车。’”

这种新式语言的滥觞于毛泽东时代。早在夺取政权之前的延安时代，毛泽东就教导作家和艺术家要“为人民服务”，反对使用那些“人民群众”看不懂的字词，以及“和人民的语言相对立的不三不四的词句”。 然后，共产党的宣传机器就开始大力推广所谓的“人民的语言”——即那种浅显俚白的文字风格。

这种“让语言俚俗低级”的改造并非偶然，而是一项深思熟虑的行为，目的就是要降低公共讨论的质量。文化大革命更是将这种“语言革命”推到极致，在那时，知识人所擅长的理性讨论被完全摒弃。在这种野蛮的话语空间中，许多词语都渐渐失去了其真正的意义。然后党可以运用这种语言来装腔作势、混淆是非。

在近些天，中共高级官员时常把“法治”挂在嘴边，但这里的“法治”和真正的“rule of law”毫无关系，当他们谈起法治，指的其实是“共产党用法律统治中国人”。

这种故意的混淆只是为了一个目的：运用掩盖不民主的现状，并假装中国已经实现了民主。 

我不知道怎样才能抵抗这种官方话语，也不知道应怎样防止这种话语污染我们的语言。在许多时候，即使是我这样的作家，也无法避免哼唱那些赞美共产党的歌曲，虽然我们很清楚共产党试图用这样的话语来控制我们的头脑和心灵。

乔治·奥威尔(George Orwell)的话最能表达我的担心，他写道：“如果思想可以败坏语言，那语言也同样可以败坏思想。

相关文章

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• 第二语言写作成为作家逃离的小船
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On Wedding Dresses

我跟盤菜螢子一起哭

喜愛閱讀的人對所有關於文字的東西都非常敏感。林日㬢出版的《黑紙》，在很久以前已經吸引了我的目光。我cheap，我是站在樓下便利店内五分鐘睇晒唔俾錢的。

到《100毛》，好好笑，封面鑊鑊新鮮鑊鑊金，次次笑得打跌。便利店員工都知我係傻既，所以任由我打書釘，然後又係唔俾錢。

今次分奬典禮全城哄動，但老老實實我完全沒有聽過那些歌。於是，當我在YouTube 上看翻錄的分獎典禮的完整版，我喊了。

我城愈來愈荒旦，生活走晒版。戲仿搞笑諷刺時弊本來只有苦笑，但我們香港人要靠自己一班無中生有自己圍威喂的靚仔所搞的抽水*作業來抒發情感，才可以又笑又喊，聽到兒童唱歌都眼濕濕，好委屈。（*抽水但很有立場）

我流涙是因為委屈。回歸以來我城整下冇左呢様，又整下冇左果樣；我覺得我似程碟衣入戲班，整下斬左我隻孖指，整下又剃光我的頭髮。程碟衣邊位？張國榮在電影《霸王別姬》內的角色，有興趣者不妨找來一看，是一部非常精緻的電影。

剛剛上Facebook，最新消息是有人媽叉其中一個環節：一位小男孩唱歌的歌詞內有「老母」二字。網路上有人批評小男孩母親居然讓小孩子講粗口。

據我中學中文老師衛老師所授，古代文章時時見到「老母」二字，即年老的母親。

即係咁你老母當然唔需要亦不適宜被三唔識七的各方人等無端端問候，但「老母」二字的確散見於古代文人的作品小品，唔能係粗囗。

我城失守，安全感曝跌，我面對 silly people 便很容易不耐煩。如斯膠論日新月異，愈癌愈愛，屈得就屈，你老母吖！

，，

回頭已是百年身

Now all the emotions and fancy have gone. I even forgot where he worked when I tried to recall last night. 

But it's still sad that it did not work out at last. As Dr. Li Tin Ming said in his book: Love has gone but the memory is eternal. All in all, I am still feeling blessed that I have had an opportunity to be in a love and relationship which was very close to perfect. He was perfect. Just it did not work out.

God, who's next?

星期二, 6月 21, 2011

愛到濃時竟是酸楚之味

女子知道男子很愛她，雖然男子只肯用英文及韓文誓言「我愛你」。

女子知道男子很愛她，但千萬別愛她寵她到一發不可收拾，再會頭才發現自己已百年身，早期太用力去愛，後勁反而不能繼續雄風。噢，願主保佑這為男子。

女子知道男子很愛她，抱著她他有時感到一陣酸楚，擁她入懷但同時在費煞思量如何才可以令她的日子從此充滿並只見明媚的陽光。

能量是可以發送及接收的。女子感受到那種能量。女子代自己的父母多謝男子，多謝他如斯愛護他們的女兒。

女子說：「你有否覺得很神奇？」

男子答：「直情撞鬼一樣。」

同時間，感情蜜月期已過，女子及男子要好好為將來打算一下。Good planning is the foundation of everything.

100毛林日曦逸事

（節錄）林日曦至今只打過一份工，在商台待了八年。○三年尾、輟學一年後，朋友介紹他去商台網站工作。○四年，商台籌備網上論壇，林日曦忙了好幾個月，推出後聽眾熱烈留言；網絡世界當然有讚有彈、也有謾罵，十幾日就被管理層下令關閉。「上司同我講要停，我成晚都瞓唔着，唔知點解咁在意。可能擺咗好多心機落去，加上覺得依個係電台未來應該行的方向。網就係咁㗎嘛。但當時大家仲有傳統包袱，認為主持人唔應該俾你咁樣攻擊。」翌日他晨早八點返公司，那時他的座位剛好在俞琤房門口。「我知道佢都早返，一見佢返嚟我就同佢講，我係咩部門嘅邊個，我覺得個 forum唔停得。」俞琤掃他一眼，叫他入房，然後自己篤手機；林日曦愣在旁不知所措，看着俞琤打了幾個電話，「 Multi-media有個同事叫阿 Roy，佢話個網站唔停得喎，你上來傾傾。」沒多久，全部商台高層來到，「佢哋都覺得我好怪㗎喇，死𡃁仔，做咩事啫？其實繞過自己上司去講，係唔恰當。但我知道啲上司唔會同俞琤講。」惟有硬着頭皮講出理據。高層們各自表述意見，俞琤總結，「咁啦，不如會員制，令留言的人負責任啲，準備好先再開番啦。阿 Roy你滿唔滿意？」那刻他當然見好就收，「竟然走得甩。」

林日曦一張撲克臉，任何人見到都會認為他不可一世。「覺得啱，咪講囉。當然講時要有禮貌。但唔好同我講咩你食鹽多過我食米，唔好同我講經驗，要講道理。啱就係啱，無話你有經驗就啱啲。」討厭恃老賣老，但真有料到的前輩，他很尊重。訪問中他不只一次提到俞琤的身教，「佢唔只 ban你橋，佢會真係同你度，然後佢第二日返嚟又度咗啲新嘢，再 ban番自己尋日嗰啲，嗰種唔放棄、一定要度到最好的精神，對我影響好大。」○七年起林日曦開始發表填詞作品，至今近百首；林夕在他初入行時也常提點他，「我最欣賞是他的毅力。出街那份歌詞多數都係自己唔鍾意的，因為多數都係俾人彈鐘後的第二、三、四稿嚟。但第一稿你已傾盡所有精華落去，要改，總帶住晦氣怨氣去改，通常寫得唔好。但林夕可以寫到第八稿，都繼續追求再寫得好啲。」

在天比高他是年輕人的前輩，小心翼翼不想成為老屎忽。「天比高在天水圍，係間製作公司，又係社區中心。接外間嘅 job，俾有志創作的年輕人邊做邊學，而作品真係會出街。」五年間他做到創作總監，「但作為 mentor，自己覺得唔稱職。因為創作就係你用自己的方法去做，我 share唔到任何經驗俾佢哋，經驗即係包袱，係廢嘅，我不如做好自己先啦，我都需要邊做邊學。」二○一一年他辭職，全力做《黑紙》。

他的生活也好古墓派，辦潮流雜誌卻害怕上網，覺得資訊疲勞；不交際應酬，平時不在公司就在家。家也要靜，這些年住過西貢、粉嶺、元朗村屋，現在住小欖一個小島上，要花十幾分鐘行一道堤壩才出到黃金海岸；家中謝絕探訪，因為有潔癖。近幾年每日要交報紙專欄，他每朝清早五點起身寫作。討厭人遲到，自己也不會遲。他認為要自由，先要自律。公司盡量少規矩，「一有制度即係唔人性化，我哋想盡量逐個逐個人睇。呢位同事自律嘅，咪多啲自由，唔使理佢返唔返公司、遲唔遲到；有啲人分內事都無做到，咁就要過問多啲。」請病假也不用交醫生紙，「佢唔覺得公司係地獄，咪唔使詐病囉？我哋都未做到，但會嘗試改變。」他與另外兩位老闆都年過三十，「好老喇，要多啲俾後生同事搞。年輕人可能睇得少過你，但佢睇得啱過你。可能佢睇得窄過你，但佢睇得集中同埋透徹過你。我覺得唔需要 train佢哋嘅，佢哋 train返我轉頭啦。」

撰文：林茵

攝影：鄭樹清

（節錄自1292期《壹周刊》非常人語 林日曦 毛孩子）

（圖左起：編輯部豬欣、我、編輯部Johnathan Deep及編輯部孫Dragon，大家為應攝影師要求扮傾大茶飯，實際講緊同事是非）

How to Look Old

Sometimes I was so fed up that people would judge my capabilities and ability from my rather "under-achieved" baby face and fit figure.

To look older, I:

1. Dress up with Tweed Jackets

2. Put on a Boy Size Jacket

For my face, however, I am not going to put up make up and make myself look older. No girls would. 

This is the most matured makeup and hair set I have had ever tried:

In conclusion, I am discriminated but I have no solution. f^_^;

Cable and Cable Solution Sales Director Job Advertisement

An exciting career opportunity is here for sales and marketing talents. 

A Sales Director opportunity is coming up from an industrial and commerical electric cable & wire manufacturer, who is also a cable solution provider. The location of station of this new role is flexible as the clients are worldwide.

Please connect me if you have 4-8 years of experience in cable business and you are confident to establish a new chapter of sales and marketing exposure for both career and personal growth. Excellent language skills and solid sales and team mangenent experience are critical.

Generous package is ready for the right candidate. The hiring company welcomes applicants from all over the world. 

Please share your resume to tushkcompany@gmail.com if you are interested.

Feel free to refer. Thank you very much.

Sonia So Beauty Products Sonia Uses

I’ve been promising to do an updated beauty routine post for a while…here it is! It’s always so hard to condense a beauty post. I’m a beauty junkie, so I’m sorry in advance if this runs long! Not all of the products I’m going to mention are pictured (some of my more well-loved makeup is too far gone to photograph) but I will include links to all. I’ll do a night time routine soon as well!

SKINCARE:
Every morning I wash my face using a gritty washcloth with Fresh Soy Cleanser. Then I apply Dear By Tone Up Booskin toner with a cotton pad, and follow up by massaging a few drops of Hylamide Glow Serum into my face. This serum builds up a very subtle natural glow in your skin. I get pasty in the winter, so I love how this brings the life back to my complexion. If I have time in the morning, I like to do a Korean sheet mask before I get ready. Before I begin my makeup, I completely saturate my skinwith moisture by using a lot of face cream. Right now I love Dr. Jart’s Cermadin cream. It makes a great base for makeup and protects my skin when we are out shooting on freezing cold mornings! For SPF, I’ve been using MISSHA’s waterproof sun milk for years now. It is very light and non-greasy. If I am having a breakout, I apply this acne serum to help clear it up faster.

PRIMER:
I always start my makeup with Bare Minerals Skin Revver-Upper. It has glycolic and salicylic acid in it that plump up your skin instantly. I must warn you, it smells a little weird! If I have a long day of shooting ahead, I will also use Hourglass’s Mineral Veil Primer. This makes your makeup waterproof, so it has major lasting power, even through rain or working out.

FOUNDATION:
I use a few foundations on a rotating basis, but here are my favorites. My current favorite is CoverFx’s Custom Cover Drops. This is a concentrated foundation serum that is meant to be mixed with skin care. As a skin care freak, this is a dream come true! I mix mine with a drop of a honey skin oil and apply it with a stippling brush. Mixed with oil, this gives the dewiest skin ever. Huge fan of this!

I also use Bare Minerals broad spectrum foundation in Fair very regularly. I’ve been using Bare Minerals since I was 13, I’m still in love with it! It photographs beautifully up close and its never cakey. If I have any sort of breakout going on, this is the foundation I’m using.

CONCEALER, BRONZER, AND LUMINZER:
I’ve recently discovered Benefit’s Erase Paste…best under eye concealer ever! It’s a salmon tinted concealer to color-correct under eye circles. It is very emollient and goopy, so a little goes a long way.

I love the look of super glowy skin, and as I recently mentioned on Instagram, BECCA cosmetic’s Shimmering Skin Perfector Pouredis insane! I put this on underneath my foundation because the glow is pretty intense. I use the color Moonstone. I like to bronze up my temples and the hollows of my cheeks with Becca’s Lowlight/Highlight pallette. Even on someone as pale as me, this looks very natural and subtle.

EYES AND BROWS:
I use mostly cream eyeshadows, and ever since I bought Charlotte Tilbury’s Eyes to Mesmerize cream shadow I am hooked. I love the shades Jean and Marie Antoinette, I use them every day as a base for whatever eyeshadow I’m doing. The four-quad eyeshadow palette pictured above is Charlotte Tilbury’s Vintage Vamp palette. I love a rose smokey eye.

I am obsessed with Marc Jacob’s Velvet Noir mascara right now. One coat gets me where I want my eyelashes to be. It is also intensely black in color. I don’t usually wear false eyelashes but I hoard them in my makeup bag for some strange reason. The ones pictured here are super cheap and amazing from Liftly.

I just found my holy grail brow product in Dior’s Brow Styler Ultra Fine Precision Pencil. This pencil is so incredibly fine! It makes every stroke look like real brow hairs. I have tried everything for eyebrows, and this is my favorite.

LIPS AND CHEEKS:
I only own a few lipsticks because I am pretty picky about them. One I always use is Chanel’s Rouge Coco in 418 Misia. This is one of those colors that would suit anyone! I never apply from the tube, I tap it on as a sheer stain with my fingers. Favorite lipstick ever. I also recently ordered LadyKin’s One Touch Bling Glow Lipstick in Fall Rose and fell in love with the color and formula. It’s also only six dollars, so that’s a bonus.

I never wear just one shade of blush…I usually mix about three and put them in different places around my temples and cheeks. I’m obsessed with Narsissist Cheek Studio for this reason! The colors are to die for! Also obsessed with Becca’s Beach Tint Shimmer Souffle in Guava. This is the perfect natural flush/skin luminizer.

Above are a few recent acquisitions worth mentioning that I’ve added to my say time skin routine….

Clockwise from top left: SNP Advanced Peeling Gel , Etude House Cotton Fit BB Cream, Velvet 59 Exotic Lotus eyeshadow palette
Holika Holika Real Skin Finish primer, Mizon King to the Kong moist cream, Murad Acne Spot Fast Fix, Etude House Age Firming Cream

The Five Signs of a Desperate Job-seeker

Forbes advised the five signs of a desperate job-seeker are:

1. Over-eagerness to return calls and emails instantly and to perform any task or assignment a hiring manager might dream up
2. A focus throughout the interview process on pleasing the people s/he meets (versus exploring the idea of collaborating, with value on both sides)
3. Infinite flexibility on the job-seeker’s part as the job spec bends and flexes, interviews are re-scheduled and cancelled and the process grinds to a halt or fades into oblivion without so much as a thank-you email
4. Over-selling (like sending a thank-you email message that includes a list labeled “Ten Reasons You Should Hire Kami Smith for This Job”)
5. The absence of any boundaries, reservations or considerations about the job itself or the hiring process on the job-seeker’s part, no matter how much abuse is heaped on him or her

Source: http://onforb.es/1SGnHth

IFC不見隊尾，跳月台更易。

[膠登音樂台] 支爆股災概念大碟~Nothing  首支主打~《明年三萬》原曲：明年今日 改詞: 梁栢堅與眾巴打

是有種人，純粹熱愛耕耘

我一直記得銅鑼灣Citibank附近有個整手錶的小檔。我的錶跌了粒鏍絲，小小事情不想拎近原店修理，便第一次上門幫襯。

司傅很用心地找零件，然後只收我廿蚊；但藥房安眠藥都要收我三元半一粒。

今日好大風，我問又司傅食環有冇搞佢，佢話冇。

我拿出一百，笑說司傅下次不收我錢好了，司傅話唔得粒鏍絲點值咁多，然後找錢給我，我見他數到第三張廿蚊我就搶過找贖，說要走啦拜拜。

#是有種人純粹熱愛耕耘

Make People Speak Up

ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE

Creating a Culture Where Employees Speak Up

• Sylvia Ann Hewlett

JANUARY 08, 2016

All of us aspire to work for leaders who truly value our input. We’re looking for a “speak-up culture”—the kind of workplace where we feel welcome and included, free to express our views and opinions, and confident that our ideas will be heard and recognized. But it’s not just employees who benefit from this kind of workplace culture. So do employers and shareholders.

Research we conducted at the Center for Talent Innovation reveals a remarkable correlation between inclusive leadership, innovative output, and market growth. We find that at publicly traded companies with two-dimensional diversity—where the senior leadership team has both inherent diversity in terms of gender, age, and race, and an acquired appreciation for difference based on experience and learning—employees are 70% more likely than those at non-diverse publicly traded companies to report having captured a new market in the last year and 45% more likely to report having grown market share.

Case studies we did for our report give weight to these findings. At Standard Chartered, for example, the insights of one Indian female banker translated into innovation that boosted net sales at two branches by 127% and 75% within two years. Her insight? Local women—wage-earners, entrepreneurs, and purse-string holders—were looking for a more welcoming, less condescending experience when they went to deposit money, apply for credit, choose savings and investment products, and ask for financial advice. Management endorsed her proposal to make over the New Delhi and Kolkata branches into all-women-staffed banks. Today, Standard Chartered is the go-to bank for women in South Asia.

Our case studies also make clear why so many companies that have succeeded in diversifying their ranks fail to capitalize on that diversity: management too often elicits and endorses the ideas of people like themselves. More than half our respondents (56%) say leaders at their firm fail to see value in ideas that they personally don’t see a need for. That lack of understanding translates into a chokehold that constricts not only the flow of ideas but arguably, the very ideas with growth-market potential: women, for example, are 26% less likely than straight white men to get their ideas endorsed (43% vs. 54%).

Leaders with acquired diversity, our US data shows, are more likely to behave in ways that unlock the innovative potential of their entire team. Research we did in eleven growth markets in 2015 (Brazil, China, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Russia, Singapore, South Africa, Turkey, the UK, and the U.S.), makes clear just what those behaviors are across geography. Global team leaders who unleash ideas, we find, are those who: 1)ask questions, and listen carefully; 2) facilitate constructive argument; 3) give actionable feedback; 4) take advice from the team and act on it; 5) share credit for team success; and 6) maintain regular contact with team members. Members of global teams whose leaders exhibit at least three of these behaviors are more likely than global team members whose leaders exhibit none of these behaviors to say they feel free to express their views and opinions (89% vs 19%) and that their ideas are heard and recognized (76% vs 20%).

Leaders who behave this way don’t just get more people to speak up. Our 2015 global dataset reveals that inclusive leaders (those who exhibit at least three of the six behaviors cited above) of global teams are also far more likely than non-inclusive global team leaders to foster collaboration among diverse team members. Fully 88% of global team members with inclusive leaders—as compared to a mere 22% of those with non-inclusive leaders—say they embrace the input of those whose background or expertise differs from their own. Inclusive global leaders also foment risk-taking: a robust 63% of global team members with inclusive leaders—as compared to a mere 21% of global team members with non-inclusive leaders—say they’re not afraid to fail. And a majority (54%)—as compared to a distinct minority (12%)—say that nobody on their team is afraid to challenge the status quo or group consensus. A speak-up culture, in short, unleashes innovative potential and enhances collaboration across both distance and difference—a competitive edge for any multinational company.

This is an instance where a company’s bottom-line gains come not at the expense of its employees, but rather, as a result of their greater engagement. Across our eleven markets, global team members with inclusive leaders, we find, are more likely than those with non-inclusive leaders to say they’re willing to go the extra mile for company success (84% vs. 70%). And across markets, global team members with inclusive leaders are less likely than those with non-inclusive leaders to say they intend to leave within a year (12% vs 28%).

In other words, companies with inclusive leaders enjoy not only market success, but are also positioned as employers of choice worldwide—ensuring a virtuous circle of attracting and keeping the people likeliest to stoke innovation and market growth. Win-wins are too rare in today’s cutthroat global economy to let this one go unnoticed.

口渴落 Magnum